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[7] Research and development 

Research and development costs rose in 2009 by 8.9% to € 1,344.6 million. This rise was due to the large number of clinical trials that reached the final phase. Reimbursements for R&D amounting to € 13.3 million (2008: € 20.1 million) were offset against research and development costs.

© Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Last Update 2010/02/23