[21] Provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits 

Provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits are recorded in the balance sheet in accordance with IAS 19. The obligations of our companies under defined benefit plans are measured using the projected unit credit method. Under the projected unit credit method, dynamic parameters are taken into account in calculating the expected benefit payments after an insured event occurs; these payments are spread over the entire period of service of the participating employees. Annual actuarial opinions are prepared for this purpose. The actuarial parameters for discount rates, salary and pension trends, staff turnover as well as health care cost increases, which were used to calculate the benefit obligation, were determined on a country-by-country basis in line with the economic conditions prevailing in each country. The respective discount rates are generally determined on the basis of the returns on high-quality corporate bonds issued with adequate maturities and currencies. For euro-denominated obligations, bonds with ratings of at least “AA” from one of the three major rating agencies (Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch), and a euro swap rate of adequate duration served as the basis for the data. Against the background of financial market developments, the “iBoxx Euro Non-Sovereigns 10+” portfolio used in the previous year with a minimum rating of “AA” only encompassed eight bonds and therefore no longer offered sufficient market depth. If the obligations had been measured on the balance sheet date using the method applied in the previous year, pension obligations would have been € 184.5 million higher. Interest expenses for 2013 would be € 0.2 million higher without a change in method. Actuarial gains and losses resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions and/or experience adjustments (the effects of differences between the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred) are recognized immediately in equity as soon as they are incurred, taking deferred taxes into account. Consequently, the balance sheet discloses – after deduction of the plan assets – the full scope of the obligations while avoiding the fluctuations in expenses that can result especially when the calculation parameters change. The actuarial gains and losses recorded in the respective reporting period are presented separately in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.