In 2013, royalty and license income totaled € 359.8 million (2012: € 417.2 million) and mainly included royalty and license income from the products Humira® (AbbVie Inc., formerly Abbott), Avonex® (Biogen Idec Inc.), Enbrel® (Amgen Inc.), Puregon® (Merck & Co. Inc.) and Viibryd® (Forest Laboratories Inc.), as well as income from the active pharmaceutical ingredients bisoprolol and metformin. The change compared to 2012 resulted primarily from the expiration of the patent for Avonex® in the United States on May 7, 2013.
In 2013, commission income totaled € 35.2 million (2012: € 14.9 million). This primarily consisted of cooperation and distribution agreements. The breakdown of royalty, license and commission income by division is presented in the Segment reporting (see Note [51]).
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