In 2012, royalty and license expenses amounted to € 208.1 million (2011: € 204.1 million) and commission expenses totaled € 371.7 million (2011: € 296.4 million). The increase in commission expenses is due mainly to the marketing partnership with Pfizer Inc. for Rebif® in the United States. The breakdown of royalty, license and commission expenses by division is presented in the Segment Reporting (see Note [53]).
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